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NEW QUESTION 1
Assuming that notification and alert recipients are not customized, what does GitHub do when it identifies a vulnerable dependency in a repository where Dependabot alerts are enabled? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
A. It generates a Dependabot alert and displays it on the Security tab for the repository.
B. It notifies the repository administrators about the new alert.
C. It generates Dependabot alerts by default for all private repositories.
D. It consults with a security service and conducts a thorough vulnerability review.
Answer: AB
Explanation:
When GitHub identifies a vulnerable dependency in a repository with Dependabot alerts enabled, it performs the following actions:
– Generates a Dependabot alert:
The alert is displayed on the repository’s Security tab, providing details about the vulnerability and affected dependency.
– Notifies repository maintainers:
By default, GitHub notifies users with write, maintain, or admin permissions about new Dependabot alerts.
These actions ensure that responsible parties are informed promptly to address the vulnerability.
NEW QUESTION 2
Assuming that no custom Dependabot behavior is configured, who has the ability to merge a pull request created via Dependabot security updates?
A. An enterprise administrator.
B. A user who has write access to the repository.
C. A user who has read access to the repository.
D. A repository member of an enterprise organization.
Answer: B
Explanation:
By default, users with write access to a repository have the ability to merge pull requests, including those created by Dependabot for security updates. This access level allows contributors to manage and integrate changes, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed promptly. Users with only read access cannot merge pull requests, and enterprise administrators do not automatically have merge rights unless they have write or higher permissions on the specific repository.
NEW QUESTION 3
Which of the following information can be found in a repository’s Security tab?
A. Number of alerts per GHAS feature.
B. Two-factor authentication (2FA) options.
C. Access management.
D. GHAS settings.
Answer: D
Explanation:
On a GitHub repository, the Security tab includes items related to security features and configuration, especially when GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) is enabled. These include:
– Code scanning alerts.
– Secret scanning alerts.
– Dependabot alerts & security updates.
– Security & analysis settings (includes GHAS configuration).
This matches GHAS settings.
NEW QUESTION 4
What happens when you enable secret scanning on a private repository?
A. Repository administrators can view Dependabot alerts.
B. Your team is subscribed to security alerts.
C. GitHub performs a read-only analysis on the repository.
D. Dependency review, secret scanning, and code scanning are enabled.
Answer: C
Explanation:
When secret scanning is enabled on a private repository, GitHub performs a read-only analysis of the repository’s contents. This includes the entire Git history and files to identify strings that match known secret patterns or custom-defined patterns. GitHub does not alter the repository, and enabling secret scanning does not automatically enable code scanning or dependency review – each must be configured separately.
NEW QUESTION 5
Which of the following workflow events would trigger a dependency review? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
A. pull_request
B. workflow_dispatch
C. trigger
D. commit
Answer: AB
Explanation:
Dependency review is triggered by specific events in GitHub workflows:
– pull_request:
When a pull request is opened, synchronized, or reopened, GitHub can analyze the changes in dependencies and provide a dependency review.
– workflow_dispatch:
This manual trigger allows users to initiate workflows, including those that perform dependency reviews.
The trigger and commit options are not recognized GitHub Actions events and would not initiate a dependency review.
NEW QUESTION 6
Which of the following statements most accurately describes push protection for secret scanning custom patterns?
A. Push protection must be enabled for all, or none, of a repository’s custom patterns.
B. Push protection is an opt-in experience for each custom pattern.
C. Push protection is not available for custom patterns.
D. Push protection is enabled by default for new custom patterns.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Push protection for secret scanning custom patterns is an opt-in feature. This means that for each custom pattern defined in a repository, maintainers can choose to enable or disable push protection individually. This provides flexibility, allowing teams to enforce push protection on sensitive patterns while leaving it disabled for others.
NEW QUESTION 7
Which of the following statements best describes secret scanning push protection?
A. Commits that contain secrets are blocked before code is added to the repository.
B. Secret scanning alerts must be closed before a branch can be merged into the repository.
C. Buttons for sensitive actions in the GitHub UI are disabled.
D. Users need to reply to a 2FA challenge before any push events.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Secret scanning push protection is a proactive feature that scans for secrets in your code during the push process. If a secret is detected, the push is blocked, preventing the secret from being added to the repository. This helps prevent accidental exposure of sensitive information.
NEW QUESTION 8
Where can you view code scanning results from CodeQL analysis?
A. The repository’s code scanning alerts.
B. A CodeQL database.
C. A CodeQL query pack.
D. At Security advisories.
Answer: A
Explanation:
All results from CodeQL analysis appear under the repository’s code scanning alerts tab. This section is part of the Security tab and provides a list of all current, fixed, and dismissed alerts found by CodeQL. A CodeQL database is used internally during scanning but does not display results. Query packs contain rules, not results. Security advisories are for published vulnerabilities, not per-repo findings.
NEW QUESTION 9
What role is required to change a repository’s code scanning severity threshold that fails a pull request status check?
A. Maintain
B. Write
C. Triage
D. Admin
Answer: D
Explanation:
To change the threshold that defines whether a pull request fails due to code scanning alerts (such as blocking merges based on severity), the user must have Admin access on the repository. This is because modifying these settings falls under repository configuration privileges. Users with Write, Maintain, or Triage roles do not have the required access to modify rulesets or status check policies.
NEW QUESTION 10
What step is required to run a SARIF-compatible (Static Analysis Results Interchange Format) tool on GitHub Actions?
A. Update the workflow to include a final step that uploads the results.
B. By default, the CodeQL runner automatically uploads results to GitHub on completion.
C. The CodeQL action uploads the SARIF file automatically when it completes analysis.
D. Use the CLI to upload results to GitHub.
Answer: A
Explanation:
When using a SARIF-compatible tool within GitHub Actions, it’s necessary to explicitly add a step in your workflow to upload the analysis results. This is typically done using the upload-sarif action, which takes the SARIF file generated by your tool and uploads it to GitHub for processing and display in the Security tab. Without this step, the results won’t be available in GitHub’s code scanning interface.
NEW QUESTION 11
Which of the following formats are used to describe a Dependabot alert? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
A. Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
B. Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
C. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
D. Vulnerability Exploitability exchange (VEX)
Answer: AC
Explanation:
Dependabot alerts utilize standardized identifiers to describe vulnerabilities:
– CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures):
A widely recognized identifier for publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
– CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration):
A category system for software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.
These identifiers help developers understand the nature of the vulnerabilities and facilitate the search for more information or remediation strategies.
NEW QUESTION 12
As a developer with write access, you navigate to a code scanning alert in your repository. When will GitHub close this alert?
A. After you triage the pull request containing the alert.
B. When you use data-flow analysis to find potential security issues in code.
C. After you find the code and click the alert within the pull request.
D. After you fix the code by committing within the pull request.
Answer: D
Explanation:
GitHub automatically closes a code scanning alert when the vulnerable code is fixed in the same branch where the alert was generated, usually via a commit inside a pull request. Simply clicking or triaging an alert does not resolve it. The alert is re-evaluated after each push to the branch, and if the issue no longer exists, it is marked as resolved.
NEW QUESTION 13
Assuming that notification settings and Dependabot alert recipients have not been customized, which user account setting should you use to get an alert when a vulnerability is detected in one of your repositories?
A. Enable all in existing repositories.
B. Enable by default for new public repositories.
C. Enable all for Dependabot alerts.
D. Enable all for Dependency graph.
Answer: C
Explanation:
To ensure you’re notified whenever a vulnerability is detected via Dependabot, you must enable alerts for Dependabot in your personal notification settings. This applies to both new and existing repositories. It ensures you get timely alerts about security vulnerabilities. The dependency graph must be enabled for scanning, but does not send alerts itself.
NEW QUESTION 14
Which key is required in the update settings of the Dependabot configuration file?
A. rebase-strategy
B. commit-message
C. assignees
D. package-ecosystem
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a dependabot.yml configuration file, package-ecosystem is a required key. It defines the package manager being used in that update configuration (e.g., npm, pip, maven, etc.). Without this key, Dependabot cannot determine how to analyze or update dependencies. Other keys like rebase-strategy or commit-message are optional and used for customizing behavior.
NEW QUESTION 15
Which of the following options are code scanning application programming interface (API) endpoints? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
A. List all open code scanning alerts for the default branch.
B. Modify the severity of an open code scanning alert.
C. Get a single code scanning alert.
D. Delete all open code scanning alerts.
Answer: AC
Explanation:
The GitHub Code Scanning API includes endpoints that allow you to:
– List alerts for a repository (filtered by branch, state, or tool) – useful for monitoring security over time.
– Get a single alert by its ID to inspect its metadata, status, and locations in the code.
However, GitHub does not support modifying the severity of alerts via API – severity is defined by the scanning tool (e.g., CodeQL). Likewise, alerts cannot be deleted via the API; they are resolved by fixing the code or dismissing them manually.
NEW QUESTION 16
What should you do after receiving an alert about a dependency added in a pull request?
A. Disable Dependabot alerts for all repositories owned by your organization.
B. Fork the branch and deploy the new fork.
C. Update the vulnerable dependencies before the branch is merged.
D. Deploy the code to your default branch.
Answer: C
Explanation:
If an alert is raised on a pull request dependency, best practice is to update the dependency to a secure version before merging the PR. This prevents the vulnerable version from entering the main codebase. Merging or deploying the PR without fixing the issue exposes your production environment to known risks.
NEW QUESTION 17
If default code security settings have not been changed at the repository, organization, or enterprise level, which repositories receive Dependabot alerts?
A. Repositories owned by an enterprise account.
B. Private repositories.
C. None.
D. Repositories owned by an organization.
Answer: C
Explanation:
By default, no repositories receive Dependabot alerts unless configuration is explicitly enabled. GitHub does not enable Dependabot alerts automatically for any repositories unless:
– The feature is turned on manually.
– It’s configured at the organization or enterprise level via security policies. This includes public, private, and enterprise-owned repositories – manual activation is required.
NEW QUESTION 18
Which of the following is the best way to prevent developers from adding secrets to the repository?
A. Create a CODEOWNERS file.
B. Make the repository public.
C. Configure a security manager.
D. Enable push protection.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best proactive control is push protection. It scans for secrets during a git push and blocks the commit before it enters the repository. Other options (like CODEOWNERS or security managers) help with oversight but do not prevent secret leaks. Making a repo public would increase the risk, not reduce it.
NEW QUESTION 19
What does code scanning do?
A. It contacts maintainers to ask them to create security advisories if a vulnerability is found.
B. It prevents code pushes with vulnerabilities as a pre-receive hook.
C. It analyzes a GitHub repository to find security vulnerabilities.
D. It scans your entire Git history on branches present in your GitHub repository for any secrets.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Code scanning is a static analysis feature that examines your source code to identify security vulnerabilities and coding errors. It runs either on every push, pull request, or a scheduled time depending on the workflow configuration. It does not automatically contact maintainers, scan full Git history, or block pushes unless explicitly configured to do so.
NEW QUESTION 20
Which alerts do you see in the repository’s Security tab? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose three.)
A. Repository permissions.
B. Secret scanning alerts.
C. Dependabot alerts.
D. Security status alerts.
E. Code scanning alerts.
Answer: BCE
Explanation:
In a repository’s Security tab, you can view:
– Secret scanning alerts: Exposed credentials or tokens.
– Dependabot alerts: Vulnerable dependencies from the advisory database.
– Code scanning alerts: Vulnerabilities in code detected via static analysis (e.g., CodeQL).
You won’t see general “security status alerts” (not a formal category) or permission-related alerts here.
NEW QUESTION 21
Which of the following steps should you follow to integrate CodeQL into a third-party continuous integration system? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose three.)
A. Process alerts.
B. Analyze code.
C. Upload scan results.
D. Install the CLI.
E. Write queries.
Answer: BCD
Explanation:
When integrating CodeQL outside of GitHub Actions (e.g., in Jenkins, CircleCI):
– Install the CLI:
Needed to run CodeQL commands.
– Analyze code:
Perform the CodeQL analysis on your project with the CLI.
– Upload scan results:
Export the results in SARIF format and use GitHub’s API to upload them to your repo’s security tab.
You don’t need to write custom queries unless extending functionality. “Processing alerts” happens after GitHub receives the results.
NEW QUESTION 22
Which security feature shows a vulnerable dependency in a pull request?
A. Dependency graph.
B. Dependency review.
C. Dependabot alert.
D. The repository’s Security tab.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dependency review runs as part of a pull request and shows which dependencies are being added, removed, or changed – and highlights vulnerabilities associated with any added packages. It works in real-time and is specifically designed for use during pull request workflows. The dependency graph is an overview, Dependabot alerts notify post-merge, and the Security tab shows the aggregated alert list.
NEW QUESTION 23
The autobuild step in the CodeQL workflow has failed. What should you do?
A. Remove specific build steps.
B. Compile the source code.
C. Remove the autobuild step from your code scanning workflow and add specific build steps.
D. Use CodeQL, which implicitly detects the supported languages in your code base.
Answer: C
Explanation:
If autobuild fails (which attempts to automatically detect how to build your project), you should disable it in your workflow and replace it with explicit build commands, using steps like run: make or run: ./gradlew build. This ensures CodeQL can still extract and analyze the code correctly.
NEW QUESTION 24
Which patterns are secret scanning validity checks available to?
A. High entropy strings.
B. Custom patterns.
C. Partner patterns.
D. Push protection patterns.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Validity checks – where GitHub verifies if a secret is still active – are available for partner patterns only. These are secrets issued by GitHub’s trusted partners (like AWS, Slack, etc.) and have APIs for GitHub to validate token activity status. Custom patterns and high entropy patterns do not support automated validity checks.
NEW QUESTION 25
What filter or sort settings can be used to prioritize the secret scanning alerts that present the most risk?
A. Sort to display the oldest first.
B. Sort to display the newest first.
C. Filter to display active secrets.
D. Select only the custom patterns.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best way to prioritize secret scanning alerts is to filter by active secrets – these are secrets GitHub has confirmed are still valid and could be exploited. This allows security teams to focus on high-risk exposures that require immediate attention. Sorting by time or filtering by custom patterns won’t help with risk prioritization directly.
NEW QUESTION 26
……
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